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Jumbo-Record

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Low-cost label owned by [l=Fonotipia Co. Ltd.], incorporated on February 28, 1908. The records were pressed and manufactured by [l=Jumbo Record Fabrik G.m.b.H.] in Frankfurt. The first records issued in Britain didn't have the elephant trade mark, because that was used by Elephone Record. When the latter company ceased its activities at the beginning of 1909, Jumbo started to use the elephant trade mark as it already has across Europe. On August 1, 1909, the manufacturing and distribution of Jumbo and Jumbola Record discs was entrusted to the [l=International Talking Machine Co. m.b.H.], which sold records under this brand name not just in the United Kingdom but also in Germany and the Netherlands. The label was discontinued in 1911 following Fonotipia's buyout by the [l=Carl Lindström A.-G.]. In 1913, the Carl Lindström A.-G. built a new pressing factory in Hertford called The Mead Works. In 1915, the British government introduced the "Trading with the Enemy" acts, which prohibited German firms from operating in Britain. This meant that Lindström's offices and factories were seized by the British government. In 1917 [l=Columbia Graphophone Company] bought the old Lindström business from the British government, and it was decided to rename the label [l=Venus Record (5)].