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Sofia Gubaidulina

Sofia Asgatovna Gubaidulina is a [u]Soviet and Russian composer[/u] who has been living in Germany since 1991. Author of more than a hundred symphonic works, compositions for soloists, choir and orchestra, instrumental ensembles, music for theater, cinema and cartoons. Sofia Gubaidulina was born in Chistopol in the Tatar Republic of the Soviet Union in October 24, 1931. After instruction in piano and composition at the Kazan Conservatory, she studied composition with [a1389697] at the [l=Moscow Conservatory], pursuing graduate studies there under [a1437100]. Until 1992, she lived in Moscow. Since then, she has made her primary residence in Germany, outside Hamburg. Gubaidulina's compositional interests have been stimulated by the tactile exploration and improvisation with rare Russian, Caucasian, and Asian folk and ritual instruments collected by the "Astreia" ensemble, of which she was a co-founder, by the rapid absorption and personalization of contemporary Western musical techniques (a characteristic, too, of other Soviet composers of the post-Stalin generation including [a154286] and [a154287]), and by a deep-rooted belief in the mystical properties of music. Her uncompromising dedication to a singular vision did not endear her to the Soviet musical establishment, but her music was championed in Russia by a number of devoted performers including [a550913], [a550912], [a550910], and [a2203265]. The determined advocacy of [a359068], dedicatee of Gubaidulina's masterly violin concerto, Offertorium , helped bring the composer to international attention in the early 1980s. Gubaidulina is the author of symphonic and choral works, two cello concerti, a viola concerto, four string quartets, a string trio, works for percussion ensemble, and many works for nonstandard instruments and distinctive combinations of instruments. Her scores frequently explore unconventional techniques of sound production. In 2011, with the personal patronage and participation of Sofia Gubaidulina in Kazan, the annual festival of contemporary music named after her "Concordia" was founded by the State Symphony Orchestra of the Republic of Tatarstan / [a2985281], in which famous Russian and foreign composers and performers perform. The artistic director of the festival is Honored Artist of Russia Alexander Sladkovsky / [a4249693].